IS it possible to have a regional alternative development strategy under the bourgeois-landlord federal state? The Left state governments in India have been prompted by such a positive vision and a successful case is that of Kerala. Kerala has been able to provide its ordinary citizens the basic needs like education, health care, at least hutment land, housing, old-age social security and so on. As a result, the quality of life of the people as proved by a number of human development indices is much above the national average.